Conifers And Gymnosperms Codexery — Data & Quality

We publish our audit record because accuracy claims should be checkable. Every entry on this site runs through an automated fact-audit pipeline (accuracy audit → source-grounded repair → visual QA); this page is generated from that pipeline's own report, not written by hand.

Last full accuracy audit: 2026-09-02 · 10 entries checked · 6 flagged · 14 issues confirmed · 6 corrected · 8 still open

Recent findings (audit lane, verbatim)

Picea engelmannii — The entry states that the species hybridizes extensively with white spruce, forming a complex known as Picea × albertiana. This is incorrect: Picea × albertiana is the hybrid between white spruce (Picea glauca) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), not between

Picea glauca — The accepted hybrid name for white spruce × Engelmann spruce is Picea × albertii, not Picea × albertiana; Picea × albertiana is a synonym for Picea glauca var. albertiana.

Picea glauca — The entry lists 'cat spruce' as a common name for Picea glauca, but it is not a widely recognized standard name for white spruce and is more commonly associated with Picea mariana.

Sequoiadendron giganteum — The claim that the 2012 study concluded Stephen L. Endlicher derived the genus name from Latin 'sequi' (to follow) is incorrect; the study actually argued Endlicher likely named the genus after Sequoyah.

Sequoiadendron giganteum — The statement that the Grizzly Giant has the greatest diameter at breast height, surpassing 8.8 m, is inaccurate; the Grizzly Giant's DBH is about 7.7 m, while the General Grant or General Sherman tree has a DBH of about 8.8 m or 8.2 m respectively.

Sequoioideae — The entry states 'distribution=Western United States and China', but Metasequoia glyptostroboides is native only to a small region in central China, not the entire country, and the distribution should specify that Sequoia and Sequoiadendron are only in the wes

Sequoioideae — The entry says 'conservation_status=Endangered (all three species)', but Metasequoia glyptostroboides is listed as Critically Endangered in the wild, not Endangered.

Spruce — The oldest known fossil age is given as ~136 million years old (Early Cretaceous), but the oldest reliably identified spruce fossils are from the Late Cretaceous, not the Early Cretaceous; the earliest confirmed Picea fossils are around 100–90 million years ol

Spruce — The oldest reported tree age is given as 850–900 years for Picea engelmannii, but the oldest known individual spruce tree (non-clonal) is a Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Sweden with an age of over 600 years; the 850–900 year figure for Engelmann spruce is not

Taxaceae — The entry states that the family is distributed 'mostly in the tropics and temperate zones of the northern temperate region,' which is contradictory and imprecise; the correct distribution is mostly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a f

Taxaceae — The entry claims that in Cephalotaxus and Torreya the aril 'fully encloses the seed.' In fact, in Cephalotaxus, the seed is enclosed in a fleshy aril that is not fully fused to the seed coat (it is drupe-like but not a complete, separate aril), and in Torreya,

Open data

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Corrections

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